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By Deepi Brar
CONSUMER HEALTH INTERACTIVE

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References


American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.  2000

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association: How Hearing and Balance Work

http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/anatomy/

W. E. Brownell, Ph.D. How the Ear Works. Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

http://www.bcm.edu/oto/research/cochlea/Volta/03.html

N.P. Cooper and J.J. Guinan, Jr. Efferent-mediated control of basilar membrane motion. Journal of Physiology 576.1:49-54 (2006) http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/reprint/576/1/49

Daniels, et. al. Hearing, I: The Cochlea. AJNR 17:1237-1241, 1996.

http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/reprint/17/7/1237.pdf

Encyclopedia Britannica Online http://www.britannica.com/

The Human Body: An Illustrated Guide to its Structure, Function and Disorders. Charles Clayman, MD, editor-in-chief. Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Inc., New York 1995.

A.J. Hudspeth, MD PhD. Graphical Simulations: Cochlear Traveling Wave. Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, Rockefeller University

M&K Sound: Powered Subwoofers http://www.mksound.com/subwoofer.php

Manoussaki et. al. Cochlea’s Graded Curvature Effect on Low Frequency Waves. Physical Review Letters 96:088701(2006).

http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.088701

Maryland Department of Natural Resources: Bat Echolocation http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/bats/batelocu.asp

Mayo Clinic: Ear Infection, Middle http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ear-infections/DS00303/DSECTION=3

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M.J. Ruckenstein, MD et. Al. Middle Ear Function. eMedicine http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic360.htm

Sound From Silence: The Development of Cochlear Implants. National Academy of Sciences, 1998. http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.article.asp?a=252

Rand Swensen, M.D. PhD. Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience. Dartmouth Medical School http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_7E.html#Other_connections

Tutis Villis. Ph.D., Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario. Physiology of the Senses http://www.physpharm.fmd.uwo.ca/undergrad/sensesweb/

Walloch RA et al. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Intensity function of the cochlea and cortex. January 1971. 49(1A):122.

P.D. Welsby The 12, 24, or is it 26 cranial nerves? Postgraduate Medical Journal 80:602-606, 2004. http://pmj.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/80/948/602



Reviewed by Michael Potter, MD, an attending physician and associate clinical professor at the University of California, San Francisco, who is board certified in family practice.


Our reviewers are members of Consumer Health Interactive's medical advisory board.
To learn more about our writers and editors, click here.

Last updated September 11, 2009
Copyright © 2006 Consumer Health Interactive


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